Skip to main content

Illustrated Articles

Content Library

  • Ursodiol is given by mouth and is used off label to treat gallbladder and biliary liver diseases in dogs, cats, horses, and birds. Give as directed by your veterinarian.

  • New birds should be examined by an avian veterinarian within the first couple of days after purchase or adoption. Pet birds should receive routine annual veterinary examinations. A physical examination allows a veterinarian to notice subtle signs of disease before they are obvious. Your veterinarian will discuss the need for testing with you depending on the findings of the physical examination. Tests, including blood tests and fecal analysis, are performed routinely to monitor the current state of health of the bird. The specific tests your veterinarian suggests will depend on your bird's age, size, species, and health status.

  • The physical examination is a crucial part of assessing the health of a new pet bird. Your first visit with an avian veterinarian should also include a thorough discussion of proper nutrition, housing, care, grooming, and training/socialization. Additional tests may be recommended during the exam.

  • A yearly health examination is highly recommended for all reptiles. Since reptiles are excellent at hiding symptoms illness, it takes an experienced reptile veterinarian to assess the true health of your pet reptile. Blood tests, fecal examinations and/or X-rays may be performed during the health visit.

  • Combining alternative medical therapies, either with other alternative therapies or with more conventional treatments, may improve a patient's health or speed the healing of disease. However, combined incorrectly, these same therapies have the potential to interfere with healing or cause serious health consequences. Veterinary practitioners trained in acupuncture, herbal therapy, and homeopathy are the best sources of information on what conventional and alternative treatments will combine well and which ones should not be used together.

  • Vitamin B complex injectable is a solution containing multiple forms of Vitamin B, which are used together to prevent or treat Vitamin B deficiencies. These vitamins promote good overall health for your pet and regulate certain processes in the body. Vitamin B complex injectable comes as a solution for injection either under the skin or into the muscle.

  • Vitamin C injectable is a vitamin supplement used as an antioxidant to help treat certain toxicity syndromes or to create a more acidic urine in dogs and cats. It is also used in guinea pigs to treat scurvy. Vitamin C injectable comes as a solution for injection either under the skin or into the muscle. Injections may be given by veterinary personnel or at home by pet owners.

  • Vitamin E and selenium are essential nutrients with antioxidant properties that work together to prevent oxidative damage and support the immune system. They are used in animals to treat skin diseases, liver disease, cognitive dysfunction, and dietary deficiencies.

  • The West Nile Virus (WNV) is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito that is infected with the virus. Birds are susceptible to the virus and can act as a host, though indigenous birds such as owls, hawks, eagles, crows, and jays appear to be most at risk in comparison to pet birds. There is no treatment once a bird is infected so prevention is of high importance.

  • Compounded medications are not approved by federal authorities. They are medications that have been altered to provide more accurate dosing or easier administration. They have not been tested for safety, stability, potency, or efficacy.